商品编号


Y9070L



品牌


Enzymatics



公司


Enzymatics,inc



公司分类


DNA Modifying Enzymes



Size

4,000 U

商品信息

E. coli fpg


Product Description

Fpg (also known as Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase, Mut M, FAPY DNA Glycosylase, and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase) participates in the base-excision (BER) pathway of DNA repair enzymes and acts both as a N-glycosylase and an AP-lyase. The N-glycosylase activity releases damaged purines from double stranded DNA, generating an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP site). The AP-lyase activity cleaves both the 3′ and 5′ phosphodiester bonds at the AP site, producing a 1 base gap in the DNA and 3′ and 5′ phosphate termini. Bases recognized and removed by Fpg include 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoguanine), 8-oxoadenine, fapy-guanine, methy-fapy-guanine, fapy-adenine, aflatoxin B1-fapy-guanine, 5-hydroxy-cytosine and 5-hydroxy-uracil (1,2).

Source of Protein
A recombinant?
E. coli
?strain carrying the cloned
?fpg
?gene.

Supplied in
20 mM Tris-HCl
50 mM NaCl
1.0 mM DTT
0.1 mM EDTA
50% glycerol
pH 8.0 @ 25°C

Supplied With
B0130 (10X Yellow Buffer)

10X Yellow Buffer (B0130):
100 mM Bis-Tris-Propane
100 mM MgCl
2
10 mM DTT
pH 7.0 @ 25°C

Unit Definition
One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme required to cleave 1 pmol of a 34mer oligo-nucleotide duplex containing an 8-oxoguanine base paired with a cysteine in 1 hour at 37°C in a total reaction volume of 10?l in reaction buffer.



Quality Control Analysis

Unit Characterization Assay
Specific activity was measured using a 2-fold serial dilution method. Dilutions of enzyme were made in 1X reaction buffer and added to 10 ?L reactions containing 1X Yellow Buffer (B0130) and a FAM-labeled duplex oligonucleotide, containing a single 8-oxoguanine site. Reactions were incubated 1 hour at 37°C, plunged on ice, denatured with N-N-dimethylformamide and analyzed on a 15% TBE-Urea acrylamide gel.

Protein Concentration (OD
280
) Measurement
A 2.0 ?L sample of enzyme was analyzed at OD
280
?using a
Nanodrop
ND-1000 spectrophotometer standardized using a 2.0 mg/ml BSA sample (
Pierce
Cat #23209) and blanked with product storage solution. The observed average measurement of 3 replicate samples was converted to mg/mL using an extinction coefficient of 38,690 and molecular weight of 30,290 Daltons.

SDS-Page (Physical Purity Assessment)
2.0 ?L of enzyme solution was loaded on a denaturing 4-20% Tris-Glycine SDS-PAGE gel flanked by a broad-range MW
Marker
and 2.0 ?L of a 1:100 dilution of the sample. Following electrophoresis, the gel was stained and the samples compared to determine physical purity. The acceptance criteria for this test requires that the aggregate mass of contaminant bands in the concentrated sample do not exceed the mass of the protein of interest band in the dilute sample, confirming greater than 99% purity of the concentrated sample.



Contamination Tests

Single-Stranded Exonuclease Activity
A 50 ?L reaction containing 10,000 cpm of a r
ADI
olabeled single-stranded DNA substrate and 10 ?L of enzyme solution incubated for 4 hours at 37°C resulted in less than 10% release of TCA-soluble counts.

Double-Stranded Exonuclease Activity
A 50 ?L reaction containing 5,000 cpm of a r
ADI
olabeled double-stranded DNA substrate and 10 ?L of enzyme solution incubated for 4 hours at 37°C resulted in less than 1.0% release of TCA-soluble counts.

E.coli
?16S rDNA Contamination Test

Replicate 5 ?L samples of enzyme solution were denatured and screened in a TaqMan qPCR assay for the presence of contaminating?
E.coli
?genomic DNA using oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the 16S rRNA locus. The acceptance criterion for the test is the threshold cycle count (C
t
) produced by the average of 3 replicate no template control samples. Based on the correlation between the no template control C
t
?values, and standard curve data, the detection limit of this assay is <10 copies genome/sample.

?


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Product Information



E. coli fpg


Part Number
Y9070L
Price
$363
Concentration
8,000 U/ml
Unit Size
4,000 U


SDS

Available on request








Product Specification*


Storage Temperature
-25 to -15°C


Test

Specification


Purity (SDS-PAGE)
>99%
Specific Activity
20,513 U/mg
SS Exonuclease
80 U <10% released
DS Exonuclease
80 U <1.0% released
E.coli
DNA Contamination
80 U <10 copies





* For a detailed summary of assay conditions and data, refer to the Quality Controls Analysis section.

Usage Instructions

Protocol for Comet Assay
After lysis of cells/nuclei embedded in low melting temperature agarose:


Add 100 ?l of 1X reaction buffer per slide and apply cover slip.

Equilibrate 5 minutes.

Remove cover slip, then tap slide on its side to remove excess reaction buffer.

Dilute Fpg 82X in 1X Yellow buffer.

Add 100 ?l dilute Fpg solution per slide and replace cover slip.

Incubate slide at 37°C for 30 minutes.

Proceed with further enzymatic manipulation or continue with alkali unwinding.


Notes

Fpg is a DNA repair enzyme which cleaves the phosphodiester bond at abasic sites, a common form of naturally occurring DNA damage. Following thorough characterization of the Fpg enzyme in our nuclease quality control tests, both during and after purification, we have concluded the inherent presence of abasic sites in DNA substrates contributes to false positives in tests for exogenous endo and exonuclease contaminants.

References


Tchou, J. et al. (1994) Substrate specificity of Fpg protein. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 15318-15324.

Hatahet, Z. et al. (1994) New substrates for old enzymes. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 18814-18820.

Boiteux, S., O’Connor, T. and Laval, J. (1987) Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase of Escherichia coli: cloning and sequencing of the fpg structural gene and overproduction of the protein. EMBO J., 5, 3177-3183.

Singh, N., McCoy, M., Tice, R. and Schneider, L. (1988) A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp. Cell Res., 175, 184-191.

Collins, A., Duthie, S. and Dobson, V. (1993) Direct enzymatic detection of endogenous oxidative base damage in human lymphocyte DNA. Carcinogenesis, 14, 1733-1735.

Collins, A., Dusinska, M., Gedik, C. and Stetina, R. (1996) Oxidative damage to DNA: do we have a reliable bio
Marker
?. Environ. Health Perspect., 104, 465-469.

Pflaum, M., Will, O., Mahler, H.-C. and Epe, B. (1998) DNA oxidation products determined with repair endonucleases in mammalian cells: types, basal levels and influence of cell proliferation. Free Rad. Res., 29, 585-594.

Hartwig, A., Dally, H. and Schlepegrell, R. (1996) Sensitive analysis of oxidative DNA damage in mammalian cells: use of the bacterial Fpg protein in combination with alkaline unwinding. Toxicol. Lett., 88, 85-90.

Czene, S. and Harms-Ringdahl, M. (1995) Detection of single strand breaks and formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase-sensitive sites in DNA of cultured human fibroblasts. Mutat. Res., 336, 235-242.




Limitations of Use
This product was developed, manufactured, and sold for in vitro use only. The product is not suitable for admi
NIST
ration to humans or animals. SDS sheets relevant to this product are available upon request.